a situation in which infection has elicited signs and symptoms in the infected individual; the infection has become clinically apparent.

epidemiological studies generally compare the frequency of disease in two (or more) groups according to a characteristic of interest that is usually called exposure. Those who...

Findable, accessible, interoperable and re-usable data

Process by which a pathogen passes from a source of infection to a new host.

No definition could be identified for this sector

means the evaluation of the likelihood and the biological and economic consequences of entry, establishment and spread of a hazard

Structural interoperability is an intermediate level that defines the structure or format of data exchange (i.e., the message format standards) where there is uniform movement...

A qualitative method is a method of analysis whose response is either the presence or absence of the analyte in a certain amount of sample.

Designing a sampling strategy to reduce the cost or enhance the accuracy of surveillance by preferentially sampling strata (e.g. age groups or geographical areas) within the...

Breakpoints are discriminatory antimicrobial concentrations used in the interpretation of results of susceptibility testing to define isolates as susceptible, intermediate or...

Any virus, bacteria, fungus, parasite or other biological entity that is likely to cause a zoonosis

Unit in epidemiology is in most cases the human individual. However, ecological studies regard entire populations such as countries, states, or cities as units of analysis. Some...

an infectious agent that can produce disease, such as a prion, virus, bacterium, protozoan, fungus, plant or animal. Organism capable of causing a disease.

An infectious disease that is transmissible from animals to humans.

Surveillance that is focused on one or more pre-defined hazards; often using diagnostic tests for the detection of particular pathogens (e.g. molecular diagnostic tests).

An infection acquired in hospital by a patient who was admitted for a reason other than that infection (1). An infection occurring in a patient in a hospital or other health...

This is the location (‘setting’) where the food was consumed or where the final stages of preparation of the food vehicle took place (e.g. café/restaurant, institution, home,...

A single surveillance activity (defined by the source of data and the methods used for its collection) used to investigate the occurrence of one or more hazards in a specified...

see: Active surveillance

A branching chart that indicates the evolutionary lineage or genetic relatedness of organisms